Gallipoli
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Gallipoli, also known as the Dardanelles took place at the peninsula
of Gallipoli
in the Ottoman Empire between 25 April 1915
and 9 January 1916, during the First World War. A joint British and French
operation was mounted to capture the Ottoman capital of Constantinople and
secure a sea route to Russia.
The attempt failed, with heavy casualties on both sides.
The Gallipoli campaign resonated
profoundly among all nations involved. In Turkey, the
battle is perceived as a defining moment in the history of the Turkish people—a
final surge in the defence of the motherland as the aging Ottoman
Empire was crumbling. The struggle laid the grounds for the
Turkish War of Independence and the foundation of the Republic of Turkey
eight years later under Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk),
himself a commander at Gallipoli. The campaign was the first major battle undertaken by the Australian and
New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), and is often considered to mark the birth of
national consciousness in both of these countries. Anzac Day, 25 April, remains
the most significant commemoration of military casualties and veterans in Australia and New Zealand, surpassing Armistic
Day/Remembrance Day.
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